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  Altramar 
 
 
           
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            | Members of Altramar: Chris Smith (gittern, cruit); 
              Angela Mariani (voice, Celtic harp); Jann Cosart (vielle, crwth); 
              David Stattlemann (voice, drum); with host Bill McGlaughlin in  American Public Media's Studio M. | The Celtic harp. The harp played by Altramar is based 
              on a 12th-century mosaic. It is a small instrument, held on the 
              lap. This simple, triangular shape was common throughout Europe 
              from Carolingian times into the Gothic period. |   
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            | The gittern and the vielle. The gittern is the ancestor 
              of the guitar, but it often resembled the medieval fiddle: two identical 
              instruments were commonly shown together, one plucked and the other 
              bowed. However, gitterns more frequently had frets, flat fingerboards, 
              and flat bridges. The vielle is the ancestor of both the violin 
              and viola da gamba families. It had three to five strings, optional 
              frets, and a flat or curved bridge. | The cruit ("critt") and the crwth ("crooth"). 
              The Welsh word crwth and the Irish word cruit both refer to a type 
              of plucked or bowed lyre. The oldest illustrations show the instrument 
              played like a harp, but from the 12th or 13th century a fingerboard 
              was added and a bow was used - much like a modern violin. The bowed 
              version was still in use in Wales into the early 19th century. |  Musician Discography: Currently 
          Available Releases Web site: www.indiana.edu/~altramar/index.htmlYou can hear what the vielle, harp, and gittern sound like by going 
          to the site's "Beautiful 
          Sound" page.
 
 
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